Question 1

What are the characteristics of Mn-Zn ferrites?

Accepted Answer

A. The characteristics of Mn-Zn ferrites are typified by their high permeability and magnetic flux density, and they are low-loss at just a few MHz.
Please see Characteristics of Mn-Zn ferrite materials for details.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of Ni-Zn ferrites?

Accepted Answer

A. The characteristics of Ni-Zn ferrites are typified by their extremely high resistivity and their permeability being generally a few hundred or below, and they are low-loss at 1MHz and over.

Question 3

What is “initial permeability μi”?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the amplitude permeability of the magnetic core when the intensity of the magnetic field is unboundedly close to “zero”.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 4

What is “amplitude permeability μa”?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the relative permeability acquired from the maximum value of the magnetic flux density and the maximum value of the intensity of the magnetic field when there are periodic changes in a magnetic core that is in a demagnetized state and a magnetic field that makes the average value of the intensity “zero” is applied.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 5

What is maximum permeability μm?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the maximum value of the amplitude permeability found when the amplitude of the intensity of the magnetic field is changed.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 6

What is “effective permeability μe”?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the permeability from the effective self-inductance in the magnetic core of a closed magnetic circuit (with a leakage flux that can be ignored) as shown in the following formulas.

or

Here,

L : Effective self-inductance (H)
N : Total number of turns
ℓ : Magnetic path lengths (mm) of each of the same materials and same cross-sectional area parts
A : Each of the cross-sectional areas (mm²)
: C1 = core constant (mm^–1)
μ : Permeability of each material

Reference: Formula (1) is used for measurements and formula (2) is used for the dimensions of the various parts of the magnetic core and for calculations when permeability is added.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 7

What is apparent permeability μapp?

Accepted Answer

A. The ratio of the inductance of the measuring coil is as shown below; when there is a magnetic core to the inductance and when there is no magnetic core．

Here:

L = Inductance of the measuring coil with a magnetic core (H)
L₀ = Inductance of the measuring coil without a magnetic core (H)

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 8

What is saturated magnetic flux density Bs?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the density of magnetic flux that corresponds to saturated magnetization.
Magnetic flux density is:

1Gauss=0.1mT

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 9

What is residual magnetic flux density Brs?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the magnetic flux density when the magnetic field is turned to “zero” from a state of saturated magnetic flux density.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 10

What is magnetic coercive force Hc?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the intensity of the magnetic field where the magnetic flux density is turned to “zero” when a magnetic field is turned to “zero” from a saturated state and more magnetic fields are increased in the opposite direction.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 11

What is loss coefficient tanδ?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the tangent of the loss angle that represents core loss, as shown in the following formula.

Here:

R_m : Loss resistance of only the magnetic core
ω : Angular frequency
L : Self-inductance of the coil
R_eff : Loss resistance of the coil including a magnetic core
R_w : Loss resistance of only the winding wire

Its relationship with complex magnetic permeability is as shown below.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 12

What is loss coefficient tanσ/μi?

Accepted Answer

A. It is shown in the following formula as a ratio of the loss coefficient to the initial permeability.

Here:

μ" : Imaginary component of the complex magnetic permeability
μ' : Real component of the complex magnetic permeability

Reference: The following formula applies when the gap in the magnetic circuit is small.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 13

What is hysteresis material constant ηB?

Accepted Answer

A. It is a constant that represents hysteresis loss when a magnetic material is operating in the Rayleigh region, as shown in the following formula.

Here:

tanδ_h : Hysteresis loss coefficient
μ : Relative permeability in the Rayleigh region
B_m : Maximum magnetic flux density (T)

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 14

What is Q?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the reciprocal of the loss coefficient.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 15

What is effective Q Qe?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the reciprocal of the loss coefficient of a coil with a magnetic core, as shown in the following formula.

Here:

R_eff : Loss coefficient of the coil including a magnetic core
ω : Angular frequency 2πf (rad/s)
L : Self-inductance of the coil

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 16

What is apparent Q Qapp?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the ratio of a coil with a magnetic core Q (Q_e) to the other coil without a magnetic core (Q₀), as shown in the following formula.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 17

What is temperature coefficient αμi of initial permeability?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the value where the rate of change in the initial permeability due to changes in temperature is divided by the amount of change in the temperature, as shown in the following formula.

Here:

μ_i1 : Initial permeability at standard temperature T₁
μ_i2 : Initial permeability at temperature T₂

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 18

What is relative temperature coefficient αF of initial permeability?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the value where the temperature coefficient of the initial permeability is divided by the initial permeability, is calculated with the following formula, and is represented in units of 10^–6.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 19

What is Curie temperature Tc?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the temperature where a magnetic core becomes ferromagnetic when it is below this temperature and becomes paramagnetic when it is above this temperature.

Temperature characteristics of initial permeability

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 20

What is disaccommodation D?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the temporal rage of change in the initial permeability at a given temperature where there are no magnetic, mechanic, or thermal impediments after a magnetic core has been completely demagnetized.

Here:

D : Disaccommodation represented by %
μ₁ : Initial permeability noted a short time after complete demagnetization
μ₂ : Initial permeability noted a long time after complete demagnetization

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 21

What is relative disaccommodation coefficient DF?

Accepted Answer

A. It is a coefficient that represents the disaccommodation, when the initial permeability is exponentially changed with respect to time, is calculated with the following formula, and is normally represented by units of 10^–6.

Here:

μ₁ : Initial permeability noted at t₁ seconds after complete demagnetization
μ₂ : Initial permeability noted at t₂ seconds after complete demagnetization

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 22

What is inductance coefficient AL?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the self-inductance that is generated in units of the winding of a coil with a given shape and dimensions wound on a magnetic core, as shown in the following formula.
It is normally represented in units of 10^–9H (nH).

Here:

L : Self-inductance of the coil when there is a magnetic core (H)
N : Total number of turns of the coil

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

Question 23

What is volume resistivity ρv?

Accepted Answer

A. It is the electrical resistance on both opposing sides of the inside of a magnetic core of a 1m3 cube when voltage is applied on both of these sides.

* Terminology related to ferrites can be found in the website in ”Terms Definitions and Explanations” under ”Ferrite Summary”.
* The symbol and the catalog of this data are in accordance with IEC Publication 60401-3.
* Our terminology and settings were established by reference to JIS C 2560-1,-2.

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